Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

What is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that may develop after a person experiences or witnesses a traumatic event. These events can include physical or sexual assault, serious accidents, natural disasters, combat, or sudden loss of a loved one. PTSD can affect anyone, but not everyone who goes through trauma will develop the condition.



PTSD is more than just a bad memory. It is a lasting condition that can interfere with daily functioning, relationships, work, and general well-being. For selected eligible clients, specialised assessment and evidence-based treatments are available under focused psychological programs.

Who is Suitable for PTSD Services?

Selected eligible clients may include individuals who have:

  • Experienced trauma directly (such as physical or sexual violence, accidents, war, or disasters)
  • Witnessed traumatic events, including those in emergency services or frontline occupations
  • Suffered long-term emotional or physical abuse
  • Endured workplace trauma or bullying
  • Faced traumatic grief or sudden loss


Suitability for specific psychological services, including Medicare-supported sessions, is determined through a structured clinical assessment.


Benefits of PTSD Support Services

  • Improved emotional regulation: Learn how to manage flashbacks, panic attacks, and mood swings.
  • Reduction in avoidance behaviours: Feel more comfortable in situations or places that previously triggered distress.
  • Better sleep and energy: Address insomnia and fatigue associated with trauma.
  • Reconnection with self and others: Strengthen relationships, social connections, and personal identity.
  • Return to work or study: With therapy, many people find they can resume daily responsibilities more confidently.
  • Access to support programs: Selected eligible clients may benefit from funded care through mental health plans or focused psychological strategies.


Types of PTSD Services

Treatment is usually tailored to individual needs and may include:

  • Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT): Focuses on changing unhelpful thinking and behaviours.
  • Trauma-Focused CBT: A specialised form of CBT designed specifically for trauma recovery.
  • Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR): Helps the brain process and release traumatic memories.
  • Clinical Hypnotherapy: A therapeutic technique used in some cases to access and reprocess trauma.
  • Group therapy and skill-building workshops: Support through shared experience and structured learning.
  • Medication management: For individuals whose symptoms are severe or persistent.


These services are available to selected eligible clients after a thorough assessment and planning process with a qualified practitioner.


What to Do Before Undergoing PTSD Treatment?

  • Book an initial consultation: A GP or mental health practitioner will assess your symptoms and history.
  • Develop a mental health care plan: If eligible, you may be referred under a plan that allows for Medicare-subsidised sessions.
  • Clarify your goals: Think about what you hope to achieve, such as better sleep, less fear, or improved focus.
  • Be honest and open: Sharing even small details helps clinicians create an effective, personalised treatment plan.


What Happens During a PTSD & Trauma Treatment Program?

During PTSD & Trauma Treatment, you will engage in various therapeutic activities and interventions aimed at addressing the psychological and emotional impact of trauma.

  • Assessment and Treatment Planning: Your recovery journey usually begins with a thorough assessment by a mental health professional. They will evaluate your symptoms, trauma history, and current life circumstances to develop a personalised treatment plan.
  • Therapeutic Sessions: You will participate in regular therapy sessions, as outlined in your treatment plan. These may include:
  • Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT): Focuses on identifying and changing negative thought patterns and behaviours.
  • Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR): Helps reduce the emotional distress associated with traumatic memories.
  • Exposure Therapy: Gradually exposes you to trauma-related triggers in a controlled environment to reduce fear and avoidance.
  • Group Therapy: Offers a supportive environment for sharing experiences and learning from others who face similar challenges.
  • Medication Management: If prescribed, you may take medications to help manage symptoms such as anxiety, depression, or sleep disturbances. Your doctor will monitor your response to medication and make adjustments as needed.
  • Skill Building: Throughout recovery, you will learn and practise coping skills to manage stress, anxiety, and other symptoms. This might include mindfulness techniques, relaxation exercises, and strategies for managing triggers.
  • Progress Monitoring: Your therapist will regularly review your progress and make necessary adjustments to the treatment plan. This ensures that your recovery moves positively and that any challenges are addressed promptly.
  • Homework and Practice: To reinforce what you learn in therapy, you may be given assignments to complete between sessions. This might involve practising relaxation techniques, journaling, or exposure exercises.
  • Supportive Activities: Supportive activities such as art therapy, music therapy, or physical exercise can complement traditional therapies and provide additional avenues for expression and healing.


PTSD Treatment Prognosis and Challenges

Individuals who receive treatment soon after the traumatic event often have a more favourable prognosis. Early intervention can prevent symptoms from worsening and help individuals develop coping mechanisms before PTSD becomes deeply ingrained.


For some, PTSD is a chronic condition that requires ongoing management. Continued therapy, medication, and self-care can help maintain progress and prevent relapse. Many people can manage their symptoms effectively and lead fulfilling lives.


While PTSD & Trauma Recovery is generally beneficial and safe, there are some challenges associated with the treatment process. Being aware of these can help you prepare and manage them effectively:

  • Emotional Distress: Confronting traumatic memories can be emotionally challenging and may temporarily increase anxiety or distress.
  • Therapy Side Effects: Some therapeutic techniques, like Exposure Therapy, can lead to temporary increases in symptoms as individuals face their trauma.
  • Medication Side Effects: If medication is part of the treatment plan, side effects may occur, such as drowsiness, weight gain, or mood changes.
  • Risk of Relapse: Trauma recovery is not always linear, and there may be times when symptoms resurface. This can happen due to new stressors or triggers.
  • Social and Relationship Strain: As you work through trauma, changes in your behaviour or emotional state may affect your relationships. It’s important to communicate openly with loved ones and consider involving them in recovery.


What to Expect After Undergoing PTSD Treatment?

Many clients report:

  • Reduced anxiety, panic, or fear
  • Improved mood and resilience
  • Better relationships and social interaction
  • More restful sleep and reduced nightmares
  • Greater ability to return to work or routine activities


Progress is gradual and unique to each person. Ongoing support may be recommended as part of a long-term recovery plan.


What if PTSD Treatment is Delayed?

Delaying treatment may lead to:

  • Worsening symptoms, such as increased panic or insomnia
  • Development of co-occurring disorders, like depression or substance dependence
  • Difficulty maintaining work, relationships, or responsibilities
  • Greater distress during anniversaries or reminders of the trauma


Early intervention provides better outcomes. If you or someone you know is struggling, support is available, especially for selected eligible clients through referred psychological services.


PTSD Treatment and Services Resources

These resources provide valuable insights and practical information to support your understanding and management of PTSD and trauma recovery.

  • Phoenix Australia—Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health: This site offers resources, research, and support for Australians affected by trauma. Visit Phoenix Australia.
  • Beyond Blue: Provides support and information for Australians experiencing mental health issues, including PTSD. Visit Beyond Blue.
  • The Black Dog Institute: Offers resources, research, and clinical services related to mental health, including trauma and PTSD. Visit The Black Dog Institute.